Kurš tulkojums?, Kurš vārdu latviskojums veiksmīgākais? Opcijas

[Vēja dvēsele]

GP tulkotājam daudzviet tiešām jākaunas par savu tulkojumu un diezgan dīvainajiem īpašvārdu latviskojumiem (Baggins - Tuntaks, Shire - Daliena utt.) Tādu ir bez skaita. Bet ir arī daži tīri patīkami.
Piemēram, es nezinu, kāda velna pēc vispār jātulko "Bree", bet man vārds "Virpils" liekas piemērots un diezgan labi patīk. Normāli šķiet arī "Vējlauzis". Ir vēl daži tādi.
Kā jums?
Ceru, ka nav vēl šāds pavediens bijis...

Šo rakstu rediģēja undomiel: 16.10.2005 20:34

[Roviela]

Es domāju, ka kaut kas tāds būt pat atsevišķa pavedioena vērts.

Izmēģināsim izmantot vispirms šo pašu pavedienu! Te tieši par konkrētu vārdu tulkojumiem ir runa.
Labi, tad te būs ievads un pirmie pieci vārdi ar visiem komentāriem. Boldā ir izdevniecības variants, iekavās zaļš manējais un vēl viena komentētāja violets, ja ir.

Guide to the Names in the Lord of the Rings
These Notes on Nomenclature were made by J. R. R. Tolkien to assist translators of the book into other languages. They were composed when only the Swedish and Dutch translations had appeared. They have been revised for publication by Christopher Tolkien. All references to The Lord of the Rings are by volume and page of the Second (Revised) Edition.
The Editor

Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings
All names not in the following list should be left entirely unchanged in any language used in translation, except that inflexional –s, -es should be rendered according to the grammar of the language.
It is desirable that the translator should read Appendix F in Volume III of The Lord of the Rings and follow the theory there set out. In the original text, English represents the Common Speech of the supposed period. Names that are given in modern English therefore represent names in the Common Speech, often but not always being translations of older names in other languages, especially Sindarin (Grey-Elven). The language of translation now replaces English as the equivalent of the Common Speech; the names in English form should therefore be translated into the other language according to their meaning (as closely as possible).
Most of the names of this type should offer no difficulty to a translator, especially not to one using a language of Germanic origin, related to English: Dutch, German, and the Scandinavian languages; for example Black Country, Battle Plain, Dead Marshes, Snowmane. Some names, however, may prove less easy. In a few cases the author, acting as translator of Elvish names already devised and used in this book and elsewhere, has taken pains to produce a Common Speech name that is both a translation and also (to English ears) a euphonious name of familiar English style, even if it does not actually occur in England. Rivendell is a successful example, as a translation of Grey-elven Imladris ‘Glen of the Cleft’. It is desirable to translate such names, since to leave them unchanged would disturb the carefully devised scheme of nomenclature and introduce an unexplained element without a place in the feigned linguistic history of the period. But of course the translator is free to devise a name in the other language that is suitable in sense and/or topography: not all the Common Speech names are precise translations of those in other languages.
A further difficulty arises in some cases. Names (of places and persons) occur, especially in the Shire, which are not ‘meaningless’, but are English in form (that is, in theory the author’s translation of Common Speech names), containing elements that are in the current language obsolete or dialectal, or are worn-down and obscured in form. (See Appendix F). From the author’s point of view it is desirable that translators should have some knowledge of the nomenclature of persons and places in the languages used in translation, and of words that occur in them that are obsolete in the current forms of those languages, or only preserved locally. The notes I offer are intended to assist a translator in distinguishing ‘inventions’, made of elements current in modern English, such as Riven-dell, Snow-mane, from actual names in use in England, independently of this story, and therefore elements in the modern English language that it is desirable to match by equivalents in the language of translation, with regard to their original meaning, and also where feasible with regard to their archaic or altered form. I have sometimes referred to old, obsolescent, or dialectal words in the Scandinavian and German languages which might possibly be used as the equivalents of similar elements in the English names found in the text. I hope that these references may be sometimes found helpful, without suggesting that I claim any competence in these modern languages beyond an interest in their early history.

Names of Persons and Peoples
Appledore. An old word for 'apple tree' (it survives in English place-names). It should be translated by the equivalent - that is, by a dialectal or archaic word of the same meaning. In Germanic languages this may be a word of the same origin: for example, German (Middle High German) aphalter; Icelandic apuldur; Norwegian, Old Swedish apald.
Ābolkoks (Ābelis, Ābeļi - 'ābols' latviski jau ir pietiekami vecs vārds, 'koks' šķiet lieks)

Baggins. Intended to recall 'bag' compare Bilbo's conversation with Smaug in The Hobbit and meant to be associated (by hobbits) with Bag End (that is, the end of a 'bag' or 'pudding bag' = cul de sac), the local name for Bilbo's house. (it was the local name for my aunt's farm in Worcestershire, which was at the end of a lane leading to it and no further). Compare also Sackville Baggins. The translation should contain an element meaning 'sack, bag'.
Tuntaks (?kāpēc? ja man kāds var paskaidrot, kā šis vārds saistās ar 'somu', 'maisu', 'tarbu', 'ķeseli', 'kabatu' utt. utjpr., tad mēs viņu pieņemam, ja ne, tad mūsu ieteikums ir 'Kuldaki' - no 'kule'='kulda'(novec.); 'kule' pēc etimoloģijas ir vistuvāk 'bag') (varēja būt labāk. Tā kā šis vārds nav tik nozīmīgs, var arī palikt.)

Banks. Clearly a topographical name containing 'bank' in the sense 'steep slope or hill side'. It should be represented by something similar.
Krastelis (Krastainis, citādi par daudz lietuviski skan) (varbūt Krasti)

Barrow wights. Creatures dwelling in a 'barrow' (grave mound); see Barrow under Place names. It is an invented name: an equivalent should be invented. The Dutch translation has grafgeest 'grave ghost'; the Swedish has Kummelgast 'gravemound ghost'.
Miroņrēgi (der)
Beechbone. This is meant to be significant, being a translation into the Common Speech of some Entish or Elvish equivalent. It should be translated similarly (for example as Buchbein, or probably better Buchenbein?).

Big Folk, Big People. Translate.
Lamzaki, dižļautiņi / mazļautiņi (der) (Brrrr Vai tiešām šie vārdi tekstā ir izsmejoši? Diži un ļautiņi ir pretstati)